Service Detail

The path forward depends entirely on whether they already hold a valid driving license from their home country. 
Cambodia does not currently accept International Driving Permits (IDPs) for long-term driving, meaning a local license is mandatory. Fortunately, the process is straightforward. 
Here is exactly what you need to do based on your situation:
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Option 1: You Have a Valid License From Your Home Country (License Conversion)
If you already possess a valid national license, you can directly convert or "exchange" it for a 1-year Cambodian Driving License without having to take a written or practical driving test. 
1. Gather the Required Documents
•    Original Passport & Valid Visa: Your visa must have at least 6 weeks of validity remaining. 
•    Your Valid Home Country Driver’s License: If it is not in English or French, you must get a translated copy notarized by your embassy. It must be valid for at least 30 days at the time of application. 
•    Certificate of Residence: A letter from your local Sangkat (commune office) confirming your current address. 
Note: Specify to the Sangkat office that this letter is explicitly for a driver's license application.
•    Passport Photos: 3 to 4 recent photos (4x6 cm) with a white background.
•    Medical/Eye Certificate: This can be done directly on-site at the licensing center for around 10,000 Riels (~$2.50). 
2. Where to Apply in Phnom Penh
You can bypass the main ministry office and use the highly convenient, expat-friendly satellite center:
•    Driver’s License Service Center at AEON Mall Sen Sok (AEON 2): Located on the 2nd floor next to the Cambodia Post office. The staff generally speaks English, and the entire process usually takes less than an hour. 
•    Alternative: The General Department of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) main office on Street 598. 
3. Fees
•    Type A (Motorcycles over 125cc): 100,000 Riels (~$25) 
•    Type B (Passenger Cars): 180,000 Riels (~$45)
•    Note: Motorbikes under 125cc technically do not require a license by law, but having one is highly recommended for insurance coverage validity. 
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Option 2: You Do Not Have a Foreign License (Full Driving Test)
If you do not hold a valid driver’s license from back home, you must apply for a full 10-year Cambodian Driving License by taking both a theory (written) exam and a practical driving test.
1. Register with the MPWT
You can register for the exam online via the official portal (driverlicense.mpwt.gov.kh) or visit an official MPWT heavy vehicle/testing center.
2. Prepare the Documents
The documents required are identical to the conversion process (Passport, Visa, Sangkat Residence Certificate, Medical Certificate, and Photos), minus the foreign license.
3. Pass the Exams
•    Theory Test: Covers local traffic laws, signs, and safety rules. The MPWT has an official "Cambodia Driving Rules" mobile app you can download to study and take mock exams in English. 
•    Practical Test: Taken on a controlled course at an official testing center to prove vehicle control and parking ability. 
If you choose this route, registering through a local certified driving school is highly recommended, as they will handle the paperwork, schedule the tests, and provide the vehicle for your exam. 
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Important Tips to Keep in Mind:
•    The Lunch Break: Government licensing offices and centers close strictly from 11:30 AM to 2:00 PM for lunch. Plan to go early in the morning or mid-afternoon. 
•    Insurance Catch-22: Many expats drive without a license and simply budget for small police fines. However, if you are involved in an accident, local insurance companies will completely deny your claims if you do not hold a valid Cambodian driving license. 
•    ASEAN Recognition: Once you have your local Cambodian license, it is legally recognized in several other ASEAN countries (like Thailand and Malaysia) under regional agreements.